SOURCES
on the history of the Episcopal Church schism
in South Carolina
by Ronald James Caldwell, PhD, Professor of History Emeritus
a. Reference.
b. General.
2. The Episcopal Church.
a. Bibliography.
b. General.
c. On Conservative Movements.
d. On the Questions of Hierarchy and Sovereignty.
(1.) For the Central Sovereignty Side.
(2.) For the Local Sovereignty Side.
a. Liberals.
b. Conservatives.
1. General.
2. On Anglicanism and Homosexuality.
3. On the Episcopal Church and Homosexuality.
4. On Gene Robinson.
1. San Joaquin.
2. Pittsburgh.
3. Quincy.
4. Fort Worth.
1. Diocesan Histories.
2. Parish Histories.
3. Online sources.
4. Paper Documents.
5. Circuit Court Trial, July 2014.
6. The U.S. Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals.
7. The South Carolina Supreme Court Hearing, September
23, 2015.
A. General Histories.
a. Reference.
Caldwell, Ronald J. Charleston Area History: A Bibliography of Works in the Charleston County Public Library, June 2001. Charleston SC: Charleston County Public Library, 2001. 213 p. Partially annotated topical listing of 3,191 works. Useful for background of the schism.
2. The Episcopal Church.
a. Bibliography.
b. General.
Also:
Sachs, William and Thomas Holland. Restoring the Ties that Bind: The Grassroots Transformation of the Episcopal Church, Based on Research by the Episcopal Church Foundation. New York: Church Publishing, 2003. 347 p. Discussion of many aspects in the life of the Church in the late twentieth century.
"A Primer on the Government of The Episcopal Church and Its Underlying Theology, offered by the Ecclesiology Committee of the House of Bishops, Fall 2013." 16 p. www.episcopalchurchsc.org/uploads/1/2/9/8/12989303/primer_on_the_government_of_the_episcopal_church.pdf Actually an historical survey. Refutes myth the Diocese of SC predated the formation of the Episcopal Church.
Walmsley, Arthur E. "The Episcopal Church: A Half Century of Turmoil and Transformation." 18 p. www.anglican.ca/faith/files/2011/02/walmsley.pdf Useful accounting, especially on relations of TEC and the rest of the Anglican Communion.
"History of the Episcopal Church (United States)." Wikipedia. 13 p. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Episcopal_Church_(United_States) . One should beware of information in this open online encyclopedia; however, this is a useful survey with a good bibliography.
Recent surveys of Episcopal Church history are all brief on the recent years. An example:
Hein, David and Gardiner H. Shattuck, Jr. The Episcopalians. Westport, Connecticut: Praeger, 2004. 361 p. 1958-2003 on pages 133-59.
The best study of the post-Second World War Church ends in 1985: Sumner, David E. The Episcopal Church's History 1945-1985. Wilton, Connecticut: Morehouse-Barlow, 1987.
The two best recent survey histories of the Episcopal Church are: Prichard, Robert W. A History of the Episcopal Church. 3rd Revised Edition. Harrisburg, PA: Morehouse, 2014 (goes through 2012); and Holmes, David L. A Brief History of the Episcopal Church. Valley Forge, PA: Trinity Press, 1993.
The only recent document collection ends in 1985: Armentrout, Don S. and Robert Boak Slocum. Documents of Witness: A History of the Episcopal Church, 1782-1985. New York: Church Hymnal Corporation, 1994. 652 p.
For the ongoing litigation see the annual summary:
"Annual Litigation Survey for the Episcopal Church (USA) 2015," Feb. 22, 2015. Still a useful listing if one discounts the thoroughgoing anti-Episcopal Church bias of the author/lawyer. Some of the information presented on SC is not reliable.
For a discussion of declining membership in TEC:
Roozen, David. "A Decade of Change in American Congregations: 2000-2010." Hartford Institute for Religion Research, 2011. http://faithcommunitiestoday.org Surveys changes in major denominations showing factors of growth and decline.
Daly, Louis C. "A Church at Risk: The Episcopal 'Renewal' Movement." Dec. 2001, Institute for Democracy Studies. http://www.institutefordemocracy.org/art/Insights_Vol02Iss02.pdf
Cooperman, Alan. "Plan to Supplant Episcopal Church USA is Revealed. The Washington Post, Jan. 14, 2004. A-4.
Naughton, Jim. "Following the Money." The Washington Window, the newspaper of the Diocese of Washington, April 2006, p.1-8.
Cooperman, Alan. "Conservatives Funding Opposition, Priest Says." The Washington Post, October 24, 2003.
Dator, James and Jan Nunley. Many Parts, One Body: How the Episcopal Church Works. New York: Church Publishing, 2010. 192 p. Drawn from Dator's Ph.D. dissertation, "The Government of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States of America: Confederal, Federal or Unitary?" American University, 1959.
Dator, James. "Where is the Locus of Authority within the Episcopal Church?" The Journal of Episcopal Church Canon Law Vol. 2, No. 1 (Feb. 2011): 131-90.
Gundersen, Joan R. "A Response to Mark McCall's 'Is the Episcopal Church Hierarchical?'" Progressive Episcopalians of Pittsburgh, Sept. 17, 2008. 8 p. http://progressiveepiscopalians.org
Mullin, Robert Bruce. "Affidavit of Dr. Robert Bruce Mullin." In the United States District Court for the District of South Carolina Charleston Division, 3/07/13, in vonRosenberg v. Lawrence. Exhibit entry 6-19. 72 p.
Edgar, Walter. "Affidavit of Walter Edgar." In the United States District Court for the District of South Carolina Charleston Division, 3/07/13, in vonRoenberg v. Lawrence. Exhibit entry 6-17. 5 p.
McCall, Mark. "Is the Episcopal Church hierarchical?" Anglican Communion Institute, September 2008. 89 p. www.anglicancommunioninstitute.com
McCall, Mark. "The Episcopal Church and Association Law: Dioceses' Legal Right to Withdraw." The Journal of Episcopal Church Canon Law Vol. 2, No. 1 (Feb. 2011): 191-244.
McCall, Mark. "Fatal Flaws: A Response to Dr. Joan Gundersen." Anglican Communion Institute, Sept. 19, 2008. 8 p. www.anglicancommunioninstitute.com
McCall, Mark. "Affidavit of Mark McCall." In the United States District Court for the District of South Carolina, Charleston Division, 4/11/13, in vonRosenberg v. Lawrence. Exhibit 13.
Radner, Ephraim and Ralph Turner. The Fate of Communion: The Agony of Anglicanism and the Future of the Global Church. Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans, 2006. 306 p. Critical of TEC as it calls for greater unity in the Communion.
Solheim, James. Diversity or Disunity: Reflections on Lambeth 1998. New York: Publishing, 1999. Lengthy discussion of the Lambeth resolutions.
Radner, Ephraim and George R. Sumner, eds. Reclaiming Faith: Essays on Orthodoxy in the Episcopal Church and the Baltimore Declaration. Grand Rapids: Willism B. Eerdmans, 1993. 298 p. Best discussion of the Baltimore Declaration of 1991.
Douglas, Ian T. and Paul F.M. Zahl. Understanding the Windsor Report: Two Leaders in the American Church Speak Across the Divide. New York: Church Publishing, 2005. 184 p. Best guide to the Windsor Report.
Evans, Christopher H. Liberalism without Illusions: Renewing an American Christian Tradition. Waco TX: Baylor University Press, 2010. 207 p.
Schmidt, Leigh E. and Sally M. Promey, eds. American Religious Liberalism. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2011. 416 p.
Hollinger, David A. After Cloven Tongues of Fire: Protestant Liberalism in Modern American History, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2013, 228 p.
Hedstrom, Matthew. The Rise of Liberal Religion: Book Culture and American Spirituality in the Twentieth Century. New York: Oxford University Press, 2013. 278 p.
Coffman, Elesha J. The Christian Century and the Rise of the Protestant Mainline. New York: Oxford Univesity Press, 2013. 271 p.
Martin, William. With God on Our Side: The Rise of the Religious Right in America. New York: Broadway Books, 1996. 418 p.
Cowan, Douglas E. The Remnant Spirit: Conservative Reform in Mainline Protestantism. Praeger, 2003. 248 p. Episcopal Church and three others.
Greeley, Andrew and Michael Hout. The Truth about Conservative Christians: What They Think and What They Believe. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2006. 206 p.
Hodges, Chris. American Fascists: The Christian Right and the War on America. New York: Free Press, 2006. 254 p.
Culver, Sheldon and John Dorhauer. Steeplejacking" How the Christian Right is Hijacking Mainstream Religion. Ig Publishing, 2007. 192 p.
Altemeyer, Bb and Bruce Hunsberger. "Authoritarianism, Religious Fundamentalism, Quest and Prejudices." The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion Vol. 2, No. 2 (1992): 113-22.
Ingham, Michael. "Reclaiming Christian Orthodoxy." Anglican Communion Institute, Oct. 2003. www.anglicancommunioninstitute.com
Boswell, John. Christianity, Social Tolerance, and Homosexuality. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1981. 424 p. The landmark work on its topic. Sees scant evidence of anti-homosexuality before the Middle Ages.
Gagnon, Robert A.J. The Bible and Homosexual Practice. Nashville TN: Abingdon Press, 2002. 522 p. A leading work giving the fundamentalist/evangelical interpretation by a professor at Pittsburgh Theological Seminary. Source used by Mark Lawrence in his remarks to the Episcopal bishops. Opposed by Dale Martin, see below.
Gagnon, Robert A. J. "Does the Bible Regard Same-Sex Intercourse as Intrinsically Sinful?" July 19, 2003. www.robgagnon.net/ChristianSexualityArticle.htm . Criticism of Powell, see below.
Hill, Wesley. Washed and Waiting: Reflections on Christian Faithfulness and Homosexuality. Zondervan, 2010. 160 p. Professor at Trinity School for Ministry argues for homosexual celibacy.
Martin, Dale. Sex and the Single Savior: Gender and Sexuality in Biblical Interpretation. Louisville KY: Westminster/John Knox, 2006. 268 p. Martin, professor at Yale, is a leading voice among liberals on the issue. Martin and Gagnon give opposing interpretations. See also the critique by opponent Robert Gagnon at www.robgagnon.net/DaleMartinRobertGagnonExchange.htm .
Powell, Mark Allan. "The Bible and Homosexuality." pp. 19-40 in Faithful Conversations: Christian Perspectives on Homosexuality. James M. Childs, Jr., ed. Fortress Press, 2003. 144 p. See Gagnon, "Does the Bible..." above.
"Religious Groups Official Positions on Same-Sex Marriage." The Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life (the Pew Research Center), Dec. 7, 2012. www.pewforum.org/gay-marriage-and-homosexuality/religious-groups-official-positions
Silver, Nate. "How Opinion on Same-Sex Marriage is Changing, and What It Means." New York Times Five Thirty Eight Blog http://fivethirtyeight.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/03/26/how-opinion-on-same-sex-marriage-is-changing-and-what-it-means Landmark statistical study of trends.
Von Drehle, David. "How Gay Marriage Won." Time Vol. 181, No. 13 (April 8, 2013): 16-24.
"Support for Same-Sex Marriage at Record High, but Key Segments Remain Opposed." Pew Research Center, June 8, 2015. 15 p. http://www.people-press.org/2015/06/08/support-for-same-sex-marriage-at-record-high-but ).
"Same-sex marriage." Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Same-sex_marriage
Siker, Jeffrey S. ed. Homosexuality in the Church: Both Sides of the Debate. Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press, 1994. 211 p.
Bates, Stephen. A Church at War: Anglicans and Homosexuality. London: I.B. Tauris, 2004. 248 p.
Groves, Phil, ed. The Anglican Communion and Homosexuality. London: SPCK Publishing, 2008. 352 p.
Brittain, Christopher Craig and Andrew McKinnon. "Homosexuality and the Construction of 'Anglican Orthodoxy': The Symbolic Politics of the Anglican Communion." Sociology of Religion Vol. 72, No. 3 (Autumn 2011): 351-73.
"Homosexuality and Anglicanism." Wikipedia. 13 p. http://en. Wikipedia.org/wiki/Homosexuality_and_Anglicanism Handy review of the Anglican provinces.
"The Meanings of Communion: Anglican Identities, the Sexuality Debates, and Christian Rationality." http://www.socresonline.org.uk/15/2/3.html Perhaps the fullest discussion available.
Hall, (the Rev.) Caroline J. Addington. A Thorn in the Flesh: How Gay Sexuality is Changing the Episcopal Church. Rowman and Littlefield, 2013. 308 p. Leading discussion of the subject.
"LGBT in the Church." Episcopal Church website guide to materials. www.episcopalchurch.org/page/lgbt-church .
Seltser, Barry Jay. "Episcopalian Crisis: Authority, Homosexuality and the Future of Anglicanism." Commonweal Vol. 133, No. 10 (May 19, 2006).
"The Episcopal Church and Homosexuality: Activities during 1996." www.religioustolerance.org/hom_epis2.htm
Markham, Ian. "Episcopalians, Homosexuality and the General Convention 2006." Reviews in Religion and Theology Vol. 14, No. 1 (Jan. 2007): 1-5.
Hobson, George. The Episcopal Church, Homosexuality, and the Context of Technology. Eugene OR: Pickwick, 2013. 199 p. Conservative viewpoint; how the computer age has influenced the issue in TEC.
"Same-Sex Relations in the Life of the Church." A report offered by the Theology Committee of the House of Bishops, March 2010. 87 p. http://www.collegeforbishops.org/assets/1145/ss_document_final.pdf A collection of articles by authorities on both sides and equally balanced between "traditionalists" and "liberals."
Alexander, J. Neil. This Far by Grace: A Bishop's Journey through Questions about Homosexuality. Cambridge MA: Cowley Publications, 2003. 94 p. Discusses topics of homosexuality in theological and scriptural contexts.
Sedgwick, Timothy F. Sex, Moral Teaching, & The Unity of the Church: A Study of the Episcopal Church. Morehouse Publishing, 2014. 104 p.
Robinson, Gene. In the Eye of the Storm: Swept to the Center by God. New York: Church Publishing, 2008. 176 p.
"Love Free or Die: One Man's Fight for Equality," Documentary on Robinson by Macky Alston, 2012, Wolfe Video, DVD, 83 minutes.
Lamb, Jane Onstad, ed. Hurt, Joy, and the Grace of God: A Resurrection Story of the Episcopal Diocese of San Joaquin, California. NY: Applecart Books, 2012. 166 p. 17 essays of Episcopalians' experiences in the Diocese of San Joaquin.
Goodstein, Laurie and Carolyn Marshall. "Episcopal Diocese Votes to Secede from Church." New York Times Dec. 3, 2006. www.nytimes.com/2006/12/03/us/03episcopal.html
"Episcopal Diocese of San Joaquin." Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_San_Joaquin
"Anglican Diocese of San Joaquin (ACNA)." Wikipedia. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglican_Diocese_of_San_Joaquin_(ACNA)
"An Interview with Bishop John David Schofield." video. 2011. 1hour, 24 minutes. Amazon Instant Video. www.amazon.com [unreviewed]
Brittain, Christopher Craig. A Plague on Both Their Houses: Liberal vs. Conservative Christians and the Divorce of the Episcopal Church USA. London: Bloomsbury, 2015. 280 p.
Bonner, Jeremy. Called Out of Darkness into Marvelous Light: A History of the Episcopal Diocese of Pittsburgh, 1750-2006. Eugene OR: Wipf and Stock, 2009. On the run-up to schism.
Lewis, Harold T. The Recent Unpleasantness: Calvary Church's Role in the Preservation of the Episcopal Church in the Diocese of Pittsburgh. Wipf & Stock, 2015. 132 p. Author was rector of Calvary Church, 1996-2012.
Richards, Samuel J. The Middle Holds: A History of St. Thomas Episcopal Church, Canonsburg, and the Community it Serves. Closson Press, 2016. 155 p.
Gundersen, Joan R. "History Revisited: Historical Background of the Proposed Amendment to Article 1, Section 1 of the Constitution of the Episcopal Diocese of Pittsburgh." Progressive Episcopalians, Oct. 13, 2004. 4 p. http://progressiveepiscopalians.org
Mandak, Joe. "Pittsburgh Diocese Votes to Split from Episcopal Church." USA Today Oct. 6, 2008. www.usatoday.com/news/religion/2008-10-06-episcopal-divided_N.htm
"Episcopal Diocese of Pittsburgh." Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_Pittsburgh
"Anglican Diocese of Pittsburgh." Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglican_Diocese_of_Pittsburgh
"Episcopal Diocese of Quincy." Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_Quincy
"Diocese of Quincy (ACNA)." Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diocese_of_quincy_(ACNA)
"Episcopal Diocese of Fort Worth (Episcopal Church)." Wikipedia http://wikipedia.org/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_Fort_Worth_(Episcopal_Church)
"Episcopal Diocese of Fort Worth (ACNA)." Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_Fort_Worth_(ACNA)
1. Diocesan Histories.
Dalcho, Frederick. An Historical Account of the Protestant Episcopal Church in South-Carolina, from the first settlement of the province, to the war of the revolution... Charleston SC: printed by Arch'd E. Miller for E. Thayer, 1820. 613 p. Classic, detailed history covering up to 1820. Online: https://archive.org/details/anhistoricalacc00dalcgoog .
Zeigler, Eugene N., Jr. When Conscience and Power Meet, A Memoir. Columbia SC: University of South Carolina Press, 2008. 378 p. Memoir of the chancellor of DSC, 1985-2004 p. 305-325.
2. Parish Histories.
3. Online Sources.
Jubilate Deo, the diocesan newsletter is online starting at June/July 2006. Also provides some court documents.
"Clarity Ensued," Presiding Bishop Jefferts Schori's lengthy question-and-answer exchange with the clergy of DSC Feb. 25, 2008 at St. Andrew's of Mt. Pleasant. Video is available in 12 parts at www.livingchurch.org/clarity-ensued . Unfortunately these videos are edited to about 90 minutes and omit many other parts of the conference.
Anglican TV (http://anglican.tv) provides several videos of Bishop Lawrence:
1-"Mere Anglicanism 2012: The Rt. Rev'd. Mark J. Lawrence" Jan. 23, 2012, 59 minutes;
2-"Bishop Mark Lawrence's Address SC [February] 2011" 41 minutes;
3-"Anglican TV Interviews Bishop Lawrence" (Nov. 18, 2012), 45 minutes, discussion of the disassociation.
Anglican TV also interviewed A.S. Haley, aka the Anglican Curmudgeon, on Anglican Unscripted Episode 91 (Feb. 8, 2014), @21-31 minutes. Haley summarizes his views and says TEC is trying "to punish" Lawrence.
YouTube (www.youtube.com) offers several videos, as of Mar. 20, 2013:
1-"Bishop Mark Lawrence Address SC 2011" 41 minutes (see Anglican TV above);
2-GC2009: A Conversation with Bishop Lawrence" 28 minutes (July 2009, Anaheim CA), from Anglican TV;
3-"DSC 2010: Bishop Lawrence Addresses Special Convention" 48 minutes (March 26, 2010), from Anglican TV;
4-Bishop Lawrence's address to special convention, Nov. 17, 2012;
5-"Anglican TV Interviews Bp Mark Lawrence," [Mar. 19, 2014], 18 min.;
6-"Interview with Canon Kendall Harmon after SC 2010 Convention" 12 minutes, Anglican TV;
7-"DSC 2010 Convention: Alan Runyan Explains Canons" 11 minutes, Anglican TV;
8-"Convention: The Episcopal Church in South Carolina, January 26, 2013" 1 hour, 56 minutes;
9-"Bishop vonRosenberg's Address to the Convention" 13 minutes (March 9, 2013);
10-"Kendall Harmon & Susan Russell on McNeil Lehrer" 9 minutes (February 2007);
11-"The Anglican Crisis: Its Not about Sex" 6 minutes (Kendall Harmon, August 21, 2009);
12-"Standing Firm Interviews: Dr. Kendall Harmon" 3 minutes (June 19, 2006);
13-Standing Firm Interviews: Dr. Kendall Harmon" 3 minutes (June 21, 2006); "Standing Firm Interviews: Dr. Kendall Harmon" 4 minutes (June 19, 2006);
14-"Carey and Harmon on A161 Vote" 1 minute (June 20, 2006).
"The Personal Testimony of Mr. Alan Runyan, Attorney for the Diocese of South Carolina." www.kendallharmon.net Posted Jan. 13, 2014. Audio recording of Alan Runyan's presentation at Christ-St. Paul's Church, Jan. 12, 2014.
"Choose this Day" and "The Decision," DVD featuring Kendall Harmon, given out to the attendees of the ACN meeting in Pittsburgh in November of 2005. Strongly condemns TEC and implicitly urges secession from TEC. No longer available online but the full transcripts of both can be found at: http://www.sarmiento.plus.com/anglican/choosethisday.html and http://www.sarmiento.plus.com/anglican/thedecision.html
Episcopal Forum of South Carolina (www.episcopalforumofsc.org). Newsletters and documents
A video recording is also available online at YouTube: www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yu8CShvWcC8.
Almost all of the participants in the story of the schism in SC are alive and active.
A cursory glance of the documents shows certain names outstanding (This is a tentative short list):
CLERGY:
PRESIDING BISHOP:
Jefferts Schori, Katharine
BISHOPS:
Allison, Christopher FitzSimons ("Fitz")
Daniel, Clifton, III
Hathaway, Alden Moinet
Henderson, Dorsey F., Jr.
Lawrence, Mark Joseph
Salmon, Edward L., Jr. ("Ed")
Skilton, William J. ("Bill")
vonRosenberg, Charles Glenn ("Charlie")
Wood, Stephen Dwain ("Steve")
PRIESTS:
Barr, John, III
Burwell, John B.
Fuener, Paul C.
Harmon, Kendall S.
Hills, William L., Jr. ("Roy")
Kronz, Gregory Joseph ("Greg")
Lewis, James B. ("Jim")
Limehouse, Frank F., III
McCormick, John Haden ("Haden")
Miller, Jeffrey S. ("Jeff")
Mills, Ladson Frazier, III ("Punchy")
Sanderson, Marshall Dow ("Dow")
Smith, Colton M.
Smith, Roger W.
Snyder, Gregory ("Greg")
Thurlow, David
Walpole, Calhoun ("Callie")
Wright, J. Michael A.
LAITY:
Behre, Holly
Douglas, Hillery P.
Evans, Lydia
Hamilton, Lonnie, III
Hicks, Josephine H.
Hunter, Joy
Logan, Wade H., III
Lucka, Melinda Adelle
Mann, Barbara
Pennewill, Elizabeth Crommelin ("Boo")
Pringle, Jan
Runyan, C. Alan
Skardon, Steve, Jr.
Tisdale, Thomas Sumter
Wilder, Virginia
Willis, Ann Hester
OTHERS:
Goodstein, Diane Schafer
Houck, Charles Weston
Toal, Jean H.
Hearn, Kaye
Hewitt, Blake
